Herbal Action: Alterative, astringent, bitter, febrifuge, and hemostatic.
Nutrients/Active Ingredients:  Calcium, iron, niacin, riboflavin, thiamin, Vitamins A and C. Polyphenols (tannins), flavonoids, and gallic acid.  Contains some protein and fiber.
Uses by system and symptom: 
Cardiovascular: Minor bleeding, high blood pressure and high cholesterol.  Secondary: 
Digestive/Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea, vomiting, and nausea. Secondary: bleeding gums, weak peristalsis.
Endocrine: Used to decrease blood sugar. Used for weight loss.  Thought to slow the rate of sugar absorption.
Immune: Strengthen immune system.
Integumentary/Skin: Clean wounds. Used on minor skin infections. Secondary: boils.
Male/Female Reproductive: Strengthen uterine wall, post-partum bleeding, menstrual pain, and swelling. Secondary: genital irritations and excessive menstruation.
Respiratory: Sinus drainage/congestion, colds and flu symptoms.
Skeletal: Support bone health. 
Urinary: Diuretic
Other: Antioxidant qualities.  Has been used for macular degeneration.
 
Parts Used: Berries, leaves, and root bark.
Common doses and preparation:  Tea, syrup, tinctures.
Side Effects/Precautions/Interactions: 
* This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. For educational purposes only. We recommend speaking with a physician or health care professions, especially if you have medical conditions, are pregnant or lactating, on medications, or use with children and infants.